Urban areas amplify heat through the urban heat island effect, where materials like asphalt and concrete absorb and reemit heat, causing city temperatures to remain high even at night. Phoenix, Arizona, can be up to 20 degrees hotter than surrounding areas, and cities like New York experience similar effects. This phenomenon intensifies the dangers posed by rising global temperatures. Experts warn of a scenario similar to Hurricane Katrina but caused by extreme heat. A blackout triggered by factors like wildfires, infrastructure failure, or cyberattacks could lead to thousands of deaths.

Urban heat disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. In Chennai, India, a woman named Anjalai and her family struggle with daily heat exposure, lacking adequate cooling in their small hut. Her husband faces health risks working in construction under the relentless sun. Rapid urbanization has led to environmental degradation in Chennai, worsening heat and water scarcity. Displaced residents are relocated to poorly designed housing projects that lack basic amenities and increase their heat exposure.

In Phoenix, similar disparities exist. Those experiencing homelessness suffer directly from extreme heat, with limited access to cooling centers or resources. Programs attempt to mitigate these effects by distributing water and essentials, but socioeconomic factors compound the risks.