What Happened to You? is co-authored by Oprah Winfrey and Dr. Bruce D. Perry, two figures who offer complementary forms of authority on trauma. Dr. Perry is a psychiatrist and neuroscientist whose academic and clinical work has focused extensively on childhood trauma, brain development, and behavioral health. His development of the Neurosequential Model, which grounds treatment approaches to childhood trauma within the framework of the brain’s maturation process, reflects decades of work integrating neuroscience with clinical application. Perry has consulted on major national tragedies such as the Columbine High School shooting and is well-credentialed in both research and practice, holding both medical and doctoral degrees from Northwestern University and having worked at institutions including Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, and the Feinberg School of Medicine. His contributions ground the book in empirical evidence and offer scientifically informed explanations of trauma’s impact on brain function and human behavior. That said, Perry is not without critics; for example, his contention that ADHD is often a trauma response and is overdiagnosed and overmedicated in children has attracted pushback.

Winfrey, in contrast, contributes personal experience and public insight. Her background as a survivor of childhood trauma and as a high-profile media figure allows her to frame complex ideas through

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